Indoors, the obstacles are so many that Multipath technology MIMO , which allows the signals to take multiple paths simultaneously to the client, usually will work better than directional control.
External dipole antennas have a blind zone of 60 degrees extending upwards and downwards, making the signal pattern of a typical dipole antenna look like a huge doughnut. Internal PIFA antennas provide a pattern that is more spherical and stretches in any direction. The pattern is influenced by how grounding has been done and the size of the circuit board in the unit — therefore it is not entirely sphere-shaped, but it will still distribute the signals much more evenly than the external antenna.
In simple terms, an external antenna could provide coverage that extends farther away from the transmitter, while the internal antenna provides more complete coverage. The blind zone is minimized, also providing better conditions for Multipath technology. Basically, an external antenna has an efficiency of around 95, while the PIFA efficiency is around In practice, the efficiency of internal and external antennas are still almost equal.
Because the antennas are literally external, they also need to be connected by cable, and the connection points and cable provide an efficiency loss that reduces the difference. Where the wires intersect with electronic components, these will also add interference. The connectors on the circuit board may sometimes loosen because of rough handling, such as during transport, thereby causing unreliable contact and weaker effects.
Antenna gain or gain is the ratio of how effective the antenna is, the direction it transmits in, and how effective an imaginary antenna with no signal loss would be. Because antenna gain is a measure that combines efficiency with directional control, external antennas get the better results. However, this assumes that you are only looking at points that lie within the antenna's doughnut-shaped coverage field, in the direction that the antenna is pointing.
In other words, internal antennas have slightly lower aerial gain, but they deliver signals with the same efficiency in a larger area.
Here there is literally no difference. The router is able to communicate on both frequencies. Both your router and your wireless devices have antennas that allow them to communicate over these radio frequencies. The antennas on your router may be external and easily visible, while the antennas on most of your wireless devices will be internal to the device.
Each of these antennas is able to send and receive data, so you technically only need one to establish communication between devices. You might notice that the antennas on your router are circular rods. These antennas are called omnidirectional antennas. This means they send out radio signals equally in all directions.
Omnidirectional antennas send out RF signals in a perpendicular direction from the antenna itself. In other words, the signal is sent straight out from the long side of the antenna. When setting up a router, many people point the tip of the antenna in the direction they want the WiFi signal to go. One major benefit of having multiple antennas is that a router can provide wireless devices with faster overall internet speeds. Thanks to newer WiFi standards , each individual antenna on a router can send and receive wireless data from a device.
When the bandwidth from multiple antennas is combined, faster data rates can be supported. Faster data rates means faster internet speeds.
One antenna giving off a 5G wireless signal can support megabits per seconds mbps of data. If your router has two antennas, the 5G signals from each of them can be bonded together to support mbps of data. Better still, if you have three antennas on your router, all three signals can be combined to support 1, mbps of data or 1. One thing to keep in mind is that as of now, most of your wireless devices only have one antenna. This means that at most, your devices can transmit and receive mbps of data.
The key here is that having multiple antennas on your router increases the total bandwidth of your network. To avoid this limitation, it is recommended to use a device with more than one adjustable antenna. This allows the coverage area to be extended. The use of three antennas creates a good basis. With three antennas, they can be aligned so that each antenna addresses an axis x, y, z and the coverage is similar on all levels. To make use of this synergy effect, the router should be placed as centrally as possible in the house or building in order to radiate the resulting field evenly to the surrounding rooms.
Depending on the size of the house, building, office or hall, using a single router as a Wi-Fi source may not be sufficient for the required Wi-Fi coverage.
The Wi-Fi network near the source is good in principle, but becomes weaker the further away it is from the source. This could be remedied by using a so-called repeater, i. Wi-Fi repeaters come in various forms and with different connection options. Wi-Fi repeaters can be integrated for example via a network cable, an existing Wi-Fi or via Power over Line.
Power over Line, also known as Powerline, refers to the use of the existing power grid to network end devices. Wi-Fi is a wireless communication link. In the case of a network cable, excessive pinching of the cable could increase the resistance and reduce the possible performance accordingly. In the case of a radio signal, there is no bruising in this sense, but of course there are other resistances which can also reduce the power.
One of the best known interferences in this area are simply walls. Almost every wall attenuates radio signals and weakens them. Put simply, the more walls there are between the transmitter and receiver, the weaker the incoming signal.
The respective attenuation of the walls depends on various factors, such as the thickness and the material used. Walls and the architecture of a building are decisive factors when planning wireless networks and have a significant influence on the use of repeaters. Wi-Fi reception depends on various factors. Depending on the area of application, coverage of Wi-Fi reception is, for example, desired or industrially mandatory.
The basis is provided by the inventory by simply measuring the Wi-Fi signal. Depending on the specifications, various parameters of this signal are of importance. One of the simplest parameters is the measurement of the signal strength.
This ratio of the useful signal to the noise signal, also known as the signal-to-noise ratio, serves as a measure for assessing the quality of a signal transmission. The selected measurement should always be adapted to the respective requirements and thus always be performed by a specialist and determined with suitable measurement equipment. The Wi-Fi reception strength decreases with distance to the Wi-Fi source.
Observation in outdoor areas without interference can be calculated and estimated relatively well. However, in the case of internal building supplies, there are also various interfering influences such as walls or floors.
The range is therefore attenuated by these interferences and precisely this attenuation is additionally dependent on the material and thickness of the walls, as already described in section 2. In this case a calculation is basically possible, but unfortunately only as good as the definition of the parameters of the walls.
This increases the difficulty enormously. A simpler solution would be direct measurement of the signal at different positions in the whole building, the apartment etc. Based on these measurements, it is possible to create a so-called heat map.
This heat map shows the reception quality within a colour scale. Areas with good or bad coverage are made directly visible. When viewing a heat map, the focus is therefore on the displayed colours of the areas. The spectrum here ranges from dark green for a very good signal strength to red for a poor supply of radio signals. The transmission speed of a wireless application, such as Wi-Fi, can be influenced by various factors. A quick, easy and first step is to measure the signal strength. If the signal strength of the received signal is low, the transmission speed is also reduced.
A disturbance of the signal by electrical objects in the household is also possible. Microwaves, like Wi-Fi, also operate in the 2. It is therefore advisable to examine the channels and, in addition, to change the channel for your own Wi-Fi, which could be a remedy. AIt is also advisable to take a look at the general distribution of the channels, because in most cases not only your own Wi-Fi is within range, but also external wireless networks from, for example, other residential units, floors or even neighbouring buildings.
When choosing the Wi-Fi channel, the expert should take into account that networks that are too close together can also influence each other and reduce the respective transmission speed.
It is therefore advisable to choose a channel for your own Wi-Fi that is sufficiently distant from other existing Wi-Fi networks. The distance should be channels so that there is no overlap.
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